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Covering number : ウィキペディア英語版
Covering number

In mathematics, the idea of a ''covering number'' is to count how many small spherical balls would be needed to completely cover (with overlap) a given space. There are two closely related concepts as well, the ''packing number'', which counts how many disjoint balls fit in a space, and the ''metric entropy'', which counts how many points fit in a space when constrained to lie at some fixed minimum distance apart.
== Mathematical Definition ==

More precisely, consider a subset K of a metric space (X,d) and a parameter \varepsilon > 0. Denote the ball of radius \varepsilon centered at the point x\in X by B_\varepsilon(x). There are two notions of covering number, internal and external, along with the packing number and the metric entropy.
* The packing number N^}_\varepsilon(K) is the fewest number of points x_i \in K such that the balls B_\varepsilon(x_i) cover K.
* The external covering number N^}_\varepsilon(K) is the largest number of points x_i\in K such that the points are \varepsilon-separated, i.e. d(x_i,x_j)\ge \varepsilon for all i \neq j.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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